Another common paint problem occurs as a result of the movement of water from underneath the surface of the wall. This movement causes the occurrence of efflorescence on the surface, which can definitely mar the beauty of a well-painted structure.
Efflorescence is the term used to describe crystalline (or powdery) deposits, usually white in colour, that sometimes form on the surface of brickwork, concrete plasters and other concrete type structures. Efflorescence appears as a white deposit of mineral salts on face of concrete walls and/or floors.
Efflorescence is caused by moisture ingress. This then reacts with carbon dioxide in the air to form insoluble calcium carbonate. As the moisture enters and moves through the wall or floor, it dissolves mineral salts present in the cement. This mineral salt solution eventually finds its way to the surface of the concrete. As the water evaporates, it leaves behind a white deposit of mineral salts on the surface. Normally efflorescence is only of cosmetic concern although it can ruin the appearance and physically damage paint coatings.
Efflorescence is most often the result of uncontrolled moisture movement caused initially by poor design details and poor construction techniques. Before attempting to remove efflorescence the source of moisture getting into the substrate should be eliminated.
Ensure:
- Joints and cavities are properly sealed;
- Rainwater run-off is diverted to suitable drainage;
- Physical barriers are in place between brickwork and in situ concrete;
- Tops of parapets have cappings and windows and doors have suitable flashings in place;
- Cavities are well-ventilated;
- Vapour barriers are used to stop uptake of groundwater.
Efflorescence can be removed by physically scrubbing with a stiff brush and careful washing. Waterblasting may result in a continuation of the efflorescence as more water may be blasted into the substrate.